Szijjártó Péter was born on October 30, 1978, in Komárom. He graduated from Czuczor Gergely Benedictine High School in Győr in 1997 and earned a degree in international relations from the Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration in 2002.

Since 2002, he has been a Member of Parliament for Fidesz and began his sixth parliamentary term in 2022. From 2006 to 2010, he served as Fidesz's Director of Communications, from 2010 to 2012 as the Prime Minister's spokesperson, and from 2012 to 2014 as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade at the Prime Minister's Office. From June to September 2014, he was the Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, and since September 23, 2014, he has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.

Péter Szijjártó is Roman Catholic, married, and has two sons. Between 2011 and 2016, he was a registered futsal player, participating in two NB I matches and 85 NB II matches.